IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY EFFECT OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED ZnO NANOPARTICLE

Nanoparticles, generally considered as particle with a size of upto 100nm, exhibit completely new or improved properties as compared to the larger particles of the bulk material that they are composed of based on specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology. In this study ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized by a simple and easy chemical method from ZnCl2. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by SEM and EDAX. Antibacterial activity of ZnO was observed against E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae by disc diffusion method. Preliminary Cytotoxicity of nanoparticle was studied by MTT assay against vero cell line. ZnO nanoparticle had shown antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria and maximum activity was observed against salmonella typhi. ZnO nanoparticles has shown less cytotoxicity effect on vero cell than ZnCl2. INTRODUCTION: Nanotechnology deals with the nanomaterial and nanoparticle which are in the size of about 100nm. Nanoparticle has wide application in various fields like chemical industry electronics, biomedicine, cosmetics, etc. 1, , due to its novel properties. Novel property is due to the alteration in their physical, chemical, electrical and magnetic property . When reduced to nanosize, unique sizedependent properties of nanoparticles are manifested . The reason believed to cause this property change from their bulk is increase in relative surface area, a greater percentage of atoms at the material’s surface, quantum effects which can affect chemical reactivity, and other physical and chemical property 4, . Many nanoparticles have been synthesized and used in various field due to this altered properties. The metal nanoparticles are most widely used in the field of medicine. ZnO is a conventional wide band-gap semiconductor 6, 7 that has been highly explored in multiple areas of science. ZnO nanomaterials have been used as semiconductor in microelectronic device and for accelerating degradation of water pollutants via photocalalytic activity. ZnO are used in cosmetic industry, due to its UV irradiation absorbing ability and optical transparency 8, 9 and also used in photodetectors , surface acoustic wave devices , ultraviolet nanolaser , varistors , solar cells , gas sensors , biosensors , ceramics , field emission , and nanogenerator . ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by various methods like spray pyrolysis, thermal decomposition, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation etc. Chemical synthesis is one of the important techniques. It can be performed using a range of precursors and synthesis conditions like